1.
What does the test statistic tell you?
It
indicates how many standard errors a point estimate lies from the expected null
hypothesis population value.
It's another word for the p-value.
It indicates whether you should use z- or
t-distribution to calculate probability.
It indicates how far from the actual
population value your sample mean lies.
2.
In a group of students 25% are enrolled in
physics, 23% in sociology, 17% in chemistry, 14% in political science, 12% in
anthropology, and 9% in math. You are going to select an individual from the
group of students. The probability of event A is equivalent to the probability
that you select someone who studies social science (sociology, political
science and anthropology) or physics. What is the probability of the event A’s
complement?
0.51
0.26
0.49
0.74
3.
Assume your null hypothesis is μ = 6. In your
sample you find a value that is lower than 6. Is it 'easier' to reject the null
hypothesis with a one-tailed or two-tailed test?
A
one-tailed test.
A two-tailed test.
This depends on the level of significance.
This depends on the P value.
4.
Someone makes the following assertion: if the
sample becomes larger, then the standard deviation becomes smaller. Which of
the following statements is correct?
This assertion does not apply to any
distribution.
This assertion always applies to all
distributions.
This assertion always applies to the sample
distribution and the sampling distribution.
This
assertion always applies to the sampling distribution.
5.
The largest number of Oscars received by a film in year X was 4.
This was different in previous years. Below is a probability distribution for
the number of Oscars per Oscar winning film. What is the standard deviation of
this distribution?
Number of Oscars
|
P(x)
|
1
|
0.56
|
2
|
0.23
|
3
|
0.11
|
4
|
0.05
|
5
|
0.03
|
6
|
0.02
|
1.82
1.19
6
1.32
6.
You draw a sample from the population of a
town (n = 312) and find that of this sample, 23% are highly educated and 27%
are low-educated. What is the 80% confidence interval for the proportion of
highly educated people in this town?
(0.21, 0.25)
(0.20,
0.26)
(0.25, 0.29)
(0.23, 0.27)
7.
What type of table is shown below?
Country
|
GDP
|
Gini Index
|
The Netherlands
|
850,000
|
25
|
Germany
|
3,500,000
|
30
|
France
|
2,800,000
|
31
|
Italy
|
2,000,000
|
33
|
Data
matrix
Cross table
Frequency table
Scatterplot
8.
You know that there is a strong correlation
between the consumption of ice cream and body weight. The Pearson's r = 0.78.
You also know that the average consumption of ice cream per week is five grams
with a standard deviation of 1.5 grams. The average weight is 65 kg with a
standard deviation of 15 kg. What is the formula of the regression line?
ŷ
= 26 + 7.8x
ŷ = 7.8 + 26x
ŷ = -502 + 0.078x
ŷ = 0.078 - 502x
9.
See the sample space below. What is the
probability of event B occurring, given that event A has occurred?
0.09
0.23
0.82
0.19
10.
What is a probability?
The
proportion of times that something will occur in the long run.
A P-value.
An uncertainty.
The number of times that something occurs in
an experiment.
11.
25% of all students find this BS exam
difficult. You select four random students. What is the probability that
exactly two of them find this exam difficult?
0.21
0.06
0.02
0.07
12.
Various forms of bias can occur when we select
a sample. What is sampling bias?
If not everyone in the sample belongs to the
population.
If
not everyone in the sampling frame has an equal chance to get into the sample.
If not everyone in the sample actually participates in the
research.
If not everyone in the population has an equal chance to
enter the sampling frame.
13.
Variable A is normally distributed with μ =
12.30 and σ = 3.11. What is the probability that a randomly selected case will
have a score of less than 14?
0.88
0.29
0.71
0.12
14.
A random sample of 61 Basic Statistics
students were asked what they thought of statistics on a scale of 0 (very
stupid) to 100 (very nice). Interestingly, students seem to find statistics
quite nice: the sample mean equals 83. The sample standard deviation equals 7.
We know that the standard deviation in the population (all BS students) is 8.
Calculate the 90% confidence interval.
(81.53, 84.47)
(81.24, 84.76)
(81.32,
84.68)
(80.99, 85.01)
15.
You know that for variable A μ = 1400 and σ =
300. You also know that the variable is normally distributed. You decide to
change the scores of this variable into z-scores. What is the mean and standard
deviation of this new distribution?
Cannot be calculated on the basis of this information.
Mean = 1400, standard deviation = 300.
Mean = 1400, standard deviation = 1.
Mean
= 0, standard deviation = 1.
16.
Ten students resit the Basic Statistics exam.
Their final grades are: 4, 4, 2, 9, 7, 9, 6, 4, 7, 8. What is the interquartile
range?
2
8
4
7
17.
Which of the following is not the explained
variance?
The degree to which the regression equation of X and Y is
better at predicting the dependent variable than the average of Y.
The
percentage of variance in Y that is explained by the mean of X.
The percentage of the variance in Y which is
explained with the regression equation.
The Pearson r squared.
18.
Look at the following cross table of two ordinal variables. Is
there a correlation between variable A and B?
Variable A
|
|||||
Variable B
|
1
|
2
|
3
|
4
|
Total
|
1
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
20
|
2
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
20
|
3
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
20
|
4
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
5
|
20
|
Total
|
20
|
20
|
20
|
20
|
80
|
Cannot be seen from the table.
No,
there is no correlation.
Yes, there is a positive correlation.
Yes, there is a negative correlation.
19.
Look at the table below. Calculate the Pearson's r.
Variable 1
|
Variable 2
|
|
Person 1
|
1
|
23
|
Person 2
|
6
|
48
|
Person 3
|
7
|
41
|
0.91
0.81
0.71
0.61
20.
Based on a random sample of n = 2345, the 95%
confidence interval of variable X is (7.25, 9.12). You expect that the mean in
the population is different from 7 at α = 0.05. What can you conclude?
Nothing, because you have not enough data to
determine that.
The
value in the population is indeed different from 7.
You cannot reject the null hypothesis.
This confidence interval is wrong.
21.
Which of the following statements about the
regression line is not correct?
The constant indicates the place where the regression line
crosses the Y-axis.
The
regression line is the line of which the sum of the residuals is the smallest.
The regression line can run horizontally.
The regression coefficient is the change in the Y value with
1 unit increase in the X value.
22.
You’re going to draw a random sample of
professional football players because you want to know what percentage have
completed high school. You want to have a margin of error of up to 0.03 at a
confidence level of 90%. How big should your sample be?
At least 30
Minimum 456
Minimum
748
Minimum 1068
23.
81 random elementary schools were asked for
their average exam scores (sample mean = 535, sample standard deviation = 7).
Calculate the 98% confidence interval.
(533.15,
536.85)
Not possible to calculate based on this
information.
(528.00, 542.00)
(533.41, 536.59)
24.
A type I error means that:
The null hypothesis is true, and you do not
reject the null hypothesis.
The
null hypothesis is true, and you reject the null hypothesis.
The null hypothesis is false, and you reject
the null hypothesis.
The null hypothesis is false and cannot reject
the null hypothesis.
25.
You know that the heights of four people are:
156 cm, 184 cm, 172 cm and 165 cm. What is the standard deviation?
28
10.23
139.58
11.81
26.
Last year the mean turnover of a group of
companies was 434,000 euro. You have good reasons to expect that this year’s
turnover will be higher. Your null hypothesis is therefore: μ = 434,000. Your
alternative hypothesis is: μ > 434,000.
You randomly sample 101 companies from the
population. The sample mean turns out to be 450,000 euro, with a standard
deviation of 100,000 euro. Calculate the test statistic. Which of the following
statements is correct?
You do not reject the null hypothesis at α =
0.05, and not at α = 0.10.
You reject the null hypothesis at both α =
0.05 and α = 0.10.
You reject the null hypothesis at α = 0.05,
but not at α = 0.10.
You
reject the null hypothesis at α = 0.10, but not at α = 0.05.
27.
Film critics gave the film Basic Statistics:
The Movie an average rating of 8.1 (on a scale of 0-10). The standard deviation
is 0.7. You drew a random sample of n = 56 from all film critics and asked them
to rate the film Basic Statistics: The Movie with a number. What is the
probability that the average rating in the sample is greater than 8.0?
14%
44%
86%
56%
28.
You draw a sample from the population of Dutch
voters. You do this by randomly selecting 10 voters from each municipality.
What kind of sample is this?
Snowball
Cluster random
Convenience
Stratified
random
29.
What does the 95% confidence interval tell us?
In 95% of cases when we sample from a
population, the population mean falls within the interval:
sample mean ± 1.64 * standard deviation of the
sampling distribution.
In 95% of cases when we sample from a
population, the sample mean falls within the interval:
sample mean ± 1.64 * standard deviation of the
sampling distribution.
In 95% of cases when we sample from a
population, the sample mean falls within the interval:
sample mean ± 1.96 * standard deviation of the
sampling distribution.
In
95% of cases when we sample from a population, the population mean falls within
the interval:
sample
mean ± 1.96 * standard deviation of the sampling distribution.
30.
What is a characteristic of the
t-distribution?
The t-distribution has the same shape as the normal
distribution.
The t-distribution approaches the normal distribution if it
has a large standard deviation.
A
t-value that is multiplied with a standard error is equal to the margin of
error for a confidence interval of a mean.
The t distribution has a mean of one.
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